Trent Thomas Walker. 2018. ‘Unfolding Buddhism: Communal Scripts, Localized Translations, and the Work of the Dying in Cambodian Chanted Leporellos.’ PhD diss., University of California, Berkeley. 2+xix+1628 pp. [PDF view] [dissertation website] [author’s website]
Dedication … i
Table of Contents … ii
Summary in Khmer
Acknowledgments … ix
Conventions … xiii
Chapter 1: Introduction … 1
1.1 Unfolding Buddhism … 1
1.2 Khmer-Tai Buddhism and Manuscript Culture … 7
1.3 Manuscripts, Translation, and the End of Life in Buddhist Studies … 27
1.4 Methods … 38
Part I: Communal Scripts
Chapter 2: Communal Manuscripts … 48
2.1 Introduction … 48
2.2 Unfolding a Sample Manuscript: Texts and Paratexts of UB015 … 49
2.3 Unfolding a Collection: Summary Analysis of the Set of 70 Leporellos … 64
2.4 Scribes, Donors, and Dedicatees: Colophons of Communal Manuscripts … 74
2.5 Appeals to Take Care of Manuscripts … 83
2.6 Apologies and Appeals for Correction … 87
2.7 Purpose of Leporellos … 93
2.8 Conclusion … 99
Chapter 3: Chants for the End of Life … 100
3.1 Introduction … 100
3.2 Breadth, Contours, and Patterns … 104
3.3 Canonical Pali Prose (II-1, -CP) … 113
3.4 Canonical Pali Verse (II-2, -CV) … 114
3.5 Canonical Pali Mixed Verse and Prose (II-3, -CM) … 114
3.6 Non-Canonical Pali Prose (II-4, -NP) … 115
3.7 Non-Canonical Pali verse (II-5, -NV) … 131
3.8 Non-Canonical Pali Mixed Verse and Prose (II-6, -NM) … 133
3.9 Bilingual Pali-Khmer Rāy Prose (II-7, -r) … 134
3.10 Bilingual Pali-Khmer Brahmagīti Verse (II-8, -br) … 137
3.11 Bilingual Pali-Khmer Bāky 4 Verse (II-9, -4) … 138
3.12 Bilingual Pali-Khmer Bāky 7 Verse (II-10, -7) … 138
3.13 Thai Mixed Yānī 11 and Chapăṅ 16 Verse (II-11, -y/ch) … 139
3.14 Khmer Kākagati Verse (II-12, -k) … 139
3.15 Khmer Brahmagīti Verse (II-13, -br) … 147
3.16 Khmer Baṃnol Verse (II-14, -bn) … 151
3.17 Khmer Maṇḍukagati Verse (II-15, -m) … 152
3.18 Khmer Bāky 4 Verse (II-16, -4) … 153
3.19 Khmer Bāky 7 Verse (II-17, -7) … 153
3.20 Khmer Miscellaneous (II-18, -r, -br/7, br/bn, k/4r, 4r) … 159
3.21 Conclusion … 160
Chapter 4: Scripts for Performance … 162
4.1 Introduction … 160
4.2 Paratexts in Cambodian and Siamese End-of-Life Leporellos … 165
4.3 Textual Sequences … 173
4.3.1 Textual Sequences in Siamese Leporellos … 174
4.3.2 Textual Sequences in Cambodian Leporellos … 180
4.4 Illuminations … 184
4.4.1 Illuminations in Siamese Leporellos … 184
4.4.2 Illuminations in Cambodian Leporellos … 204
4.5 Ritual Instructions … 213
4.5.1 Ritual Instructions in Siamese Leporellos … 213
4.5.2 Ritual Instructions in Cambodian Leporellos … 221
4.5.2.1 Leporello Instructions for Consecration Rituals … 222
4.5.2.2 Leporello Instructions for End-of-Life Rituals … 228
4.5.2.3 Printed Instructions for End-of-Life Rituals … 235
4.6 Conclusion … 246
Part II: Localized Translations
Chapter 5: From Sanskrit Dhāraṇī to Pali Paritta … 249
5.1 Introduction … 249
5.2 From the Uṣṇīṣavijayā-dhāraṇī-sūtra (T. 370) to the Uṇhissavijaya … 252
5.3 In Search of the Dhāraṇī: Uṇhissavijaya-NM … 270
5.4 Uṇhissavijaya-NM in Bhāṇavāra Collections … 277
5.5 Three Non-Canonical Pali Paritta texts Adjacent to Uṇhissavijaya-NM … 294
5.6 The Mahādibbamanta collection in Cambodia … 304
5.7 Non-Canonical Pali Parittas as Localized Sanskrit Dhāraṇī Texts … 309
5.8 Conclusion … 315
Chapter 6: Bilingual Pali-Vernacular Prose … 317
6.1 Introduction … 317
6.2 Studies of Bilingual Pali-Vernacular Texts … 318
6.2.1 Burmese Nissaya And Sinhalese Sannaya … 321
6.2.2 Khmer Samrāy and Lanna/Lao Nissaya, Nāmasadda, and Vohāra … 326
6.3 Original-Syntax Fully Bilingual Prose … 330
6.3.1 Translations of Short Pali Verse Texts … 330
6.3.2 Translations of Long Pali Prose Texts … 342
6.4 Syntactically Rearranged Fully Bilingual Prose … 346
6.4.1 Pali-Khmer Texts … 346
6.4.2 Pali-Lanna Versions of the Rasavāhinī and the Dhammapada … 351
6.5 Partially Bilingual Prose … 362
6.5.1 Pali-Siamese and Pali-Khmer Versions of the Vessantara-jātaka … 363
6.5.2 A Pali-Lanna Version of the Dhammapada-aṭṭhakathā … 370
6.5.3 Pali Manuscripts with Interlinear Commentaries … 373
6.6 Conclusion … 377
Chapter 7: Translating Pali and Tai into Khmer Verse … 379
7.1 Introduction … 379
7.2 Foreignizing Khmer Verse with Pali … 381
7.2.1 Isolated Pali Words and Syllables … 382
7.2.2 Opening Invocations in Pali … 390
7.2.3 Integrated Pali Phrases … 394
7.3 Domestication of Tai Texts … 403
7.3.1 Domestication of the Buddha’s Footprints … 406
7.3.2 Domestication of the Buddha’s Relics … 415
7.4 Performative Parity … 429
7.4.1 Mirroring Pali Verse in Khmer … 429
7.4.2 Invitations for Sermons across Languages … 439
7.5 Conclusion … 456
Part III: The Work of the Dying
Chapter 8: End-of-Life Contemplations … 459
8.1 Introduction … 459
8.2 Chased by Old Age … 465
8.3 Hounded by Death … 474
8.4 Menaced by Yama … 481
8.5 Discarded in the Forest … 499
8.6 Abandoned by Civilization … 509
8.7 Foundational Practices … 516
8.8 Traditional Kammaṭṭhāna for the End of Life … 527
8.9 Conclusion … 541
Chapter 9: End-of-Life Absolutions and Aspirations … 542
9.1 Introduction … 542
9.2 From Ānisaṃsa to Adhiṭṭhāna … 546
9.2.1 Ānisaṃsa and Adhiṭṭhāna in Leporello Texts … 547
9.2.2 Ānisaṃsa and Adhiṭṭhāna in Hun’s ānisaṅs ākāravattā-br … 560
9.3 From Repentance to Absolution … 574
9.3.1 Repentance in the Pali Canon … 574
9.3.2 Absolution in Khmer-Tai Buddhism … 578
9.3.3 Absolution in Smā lā dos pāpakamm/smā lā dos pāpakamm-r … 584
9.4 From Arhatship to Buddhahood … 588
9.4.1 Aspirations in Colophons and Inscriptions … 588
9.4.2 Aspirations in End-of-Life Texts … 596
9.5 From Separate to Combined Absolutions and Aspirations … 601
9.5.1 Leporello Colophons and Chants … 601
9.5.2 lā pāp «bhante bhagavā»-k … 610
9.6 From Chanted Poem to Stone Inscriptions … 624
9.6.1 padum thvāy phkā «khñuṃ phguṃ amrām ṭap'»-br … 626
9.6.2 Samtec Braḥ Paravidū’s IMA 31 of 1684 CE … 642
9.6.3 Jayanand’s IMA 38 of 1701 CE … 638
9.7 Conclusion … 651
Chapter 10: Conclusion … 653
Appendix I: Catalog of Leporellos … 656
Introduction … 656
Tables … 660
Catalog … 711
Appendix II: Corpus of Texts … 845
Introduction … 845
Tables … 846
II-1 Canonical Pali Prose (-CP) … 902
II-2: Canonical Pali Verse (-CV) … 906
II-3: Canonical Pali Mixed Verse and Prose (-CM) … 908
II-4: Non-Canonical Pali Prose (-NP) … 911
II-5: Non-Canonical Pali Verse (-NV) … 958
II-6: Non-Canonical Pali Mixed Verse and Prose (-NM) … 973
II-7: Bilingual Pali-Khmer Rāy Prose (-r) … 1002
II-8: Bilingual Pali-Khmer Brahmagīti Verse (-br) … 1034
II-9: Bilingual Pali-Khmer Bāky 4 Verse (-4) … 1048
II-10: Bilingual Pali-Khmer Bāky 7 Verse (-7) … 1057
II-11: Thai Mixed Yānī 11 and Chapăṅ 16 Verse (-y/ch) … 1063
II-12: Khmer Kākagati Verse (-k) … 1081
II-13: Khmer Brahmagīti Verse (-br) … 1262
II-14: Khmer Baṃnol Verse (-bl) … 1331
II-15: Khmer Maṇḍukagati Verse (-m) … 1359
II-16: Khmer Bāky 4 Verse (-4) … 1377
II-17: Khmer Bāky 7 Verse (-7) … 1395
II-18: Khmer Miscellaneous (-r, -br/7, br/bn, k/4r, 4r) … 1449
Appendix III: Non-Leporello Texts … 1494
Uṇhissavijaya (Long verse version) … 1494
lāy lăkṣa(ṇ) braḥ buddhapād pīöṅ2 khvā … 1514
Supin kumār … 1531
[Prologue to] Duṃ Dāv … 1578
Bibliography … 1583
1. Leporellos (Exclusive of Appendix I) … 1583
2. Long-Format Palm-Leaf Manuscripts … 1583
3. Short-Format Palm-Leaf Manuscripts … 1584
4. Printed Works in Burmese, Lao, Khmer, Thai, and Vietnamese … 1585
5. Printed Works in Other Languages … 1604